Syllabus for Subjects Exclusive for
Mechanical Engineering
(3-1-0)
1.
Introduction:
Links, kinematic pairs, linkage mechanisms, inversions of slider crank chain and double slider crank chain, four bar linkage, compound chains in brief. 8
2. Velocity and Acceleration in Mechanism :
Velocity
of point in mechanism, relative velocity method, instantaneous centre in
mechanism, Instantaneous centre method, Kennedy’s theorem of three-centres,
corriolis component acceleration, Klein’s construction for slider crank and
four bar mechanism, Analytical method for slider crank mechanism. 7
3. Mechanism with Lower Pairs:
Pantograph,
straight line motion mechanism, peculliar’s mechanism, Hart’s straight line
mechanism, scortrusel mechanism, grasshopper mechanism., tehebicheff mechanism,
robert’s mechanism., analysis of hook’s joint, introduction to the analysis of
complex mechanism, Davis and Ackermann steering gears. 6
4. Kinematic Synthesis of Plane Linkages:
Linkages, geometrical methods, 3 position synthesis of coupling rod, analytical method, Frendenstem equation for function generation (3 position). 7
5. Cams:
Classification
of cams & followers, nomenclature types of followers, generation of cam
profile by graphical methods, analytical cam design, pressure angles, cams with
specified contours. 6
6. Gears :
Classification & terminology, law of gearing, geometric & kinematic characteristic of involute, under cutting & interference, gear trains (simple, compound, reverted & planetary) also with bevel gears. 8
Books and Reference :
1.
1.
Theory of Machines
Thomas Bevan.
2.
2.
Theory of Machines
and Mechanisms-Shigley.
3.
3.
Theory of Machines
and Mechanisms-Ghosh and Mullick.
4.
4.
Theory of Mechanics
& Mechanism – Dukhipati.
(3-1-2)
Static force Analysis in linkages, Equivalent
offset inertia force, Dynamic Analysis of slider crank and four bar mechanism,
Piston and crank effort, inertia torque, Turning moment diagrams, fluctuation
of energy, fly wheel. 7
2.
Balancing of Machines:
Static and dynamic balancing, balancing of
rotating and reciprocating masses, Primary and secondary forces and couples,
direct & reverse crank, Balance of V-engines, Balancing of in line engine. 10
3. Friction:
Pivot
and collar friction, friction circle, single plate, multiplate and conical
clutches, centrifugal clutches. Belts and pulleys, flat and V-Belts, design and
selection. 7
4.
Brakes and
Dynamometers:
External and internal shoe brakes, band and block
brakes, hydraulic brakes, and absorption and transmission dynamometers. 5
5.
Governors:
Dead weight and spring loaded governors, sensitivity
stability, hunting, isochronism, effort and power, friction and insensitivity.
Introduction to inertia governors. 6
6.
Gyroscopic Motion:
Principles, Gyroscopic acceleration, gyroscopic couple
and reaction, gyroscopic effect on four wheelers, ships, aeroplanes. 5
7.
Mechanical Vibration:
Single degree free & forced undamped, damped
vibrations, Critical speed, Two rotor system and three rotor system, Newtons
method, Energy method. 8
Books & References :
1. 1. Theory of Machine : Thomas Bevan
2. 2. Theory of Machine : S. S. Rattan
3. 3. Theory of Machine : V. P. Singh.
4. 4. Theory of Machines & Mechanism – Shiglay.
5. 5. Theory of Machines – R. K. Bansal
6. 6. Mechanisms and Machine Theory – A. K. Ambekar Jain Bros.
7. 7. Theory of Machines – W. T. Green.
8. 8. Mechanism & Machine Theory – Rao & Dukhipati
9. 9. Theory of Machines and Mechanism – Ghosh & Mullick.
10. 10. Theory of Machines –
P. L. Ballaney
1.Vapour power cycle: Review of Carnot and Rankine cycle, Effect of operating conditions on thermal efficiency of Rankine cycle, Principle methods of increasing thermal efficiency, Deviation of actual cycle from theoretical cycle, Efficiencies, Requirement of ideal working fluid, Binary vapour cycle, Regenerative feed heating cycles, Calculation of mass of bled steam, Optimum feed water temperature, temperature distribution in feed heaters, Deaerators, Effect of flow of wet. steam in nozzles and blades, Erosion and corrosion of blades and its prevention, Reheating and regenerative cycles, Practical feed heating systems.
8
2. Flow through nozzles and diffusers: Classification of nozzles and diffusers. Steady flow energy equation through nozzles, momentum equation. Nozzle and diffuser efficiencies, mass flow rate through nozzle under isentropic flow condition, critical in nozzle flow, physical explanation of critical pressure for a given initial velocity under isentropic and actual flow conditions, general relationship, between area, velocity and pressure in nozzles and diffuser, design of nozzles and diffusers, supersaturated flow through nozzles, effect of variation of back pressure in nozzle.
5
3. Steam turbines: Principles of working of steam turbines, classification comparison, velocity diagram for impulse and reaction turbines. Power output, axial thrust diagram efficiency; energy lost by impulse and reaction turbines. Optimum value of blade-speed ration in impulse and reaction turbines, losses in steam turbines, state point locus and reheat factor, need of governing, throttle governing, nozzle governing and by pass governing speeder and anticipatory gear, governing of reheat turbines, direct digital control, governing characteristics, steam turbine auxiliary systems.
13
4. Condensers and Cooling Towers: Function of condenser, condensing system, surface and jet condensers, mass of circulating water, condenser and vacuum efficiency, Cooling tower: construction details and analysis.
4
5. Steam generator: Function of boilers, Classification of boilers, modern boilers, heat absorption in water tube boilers, circulation in down comer-riser circuits and their sizing, steam drum and internal, mountings and accessories, Ash loading system, feed water treatment, Fuel handling systems, Fuel burning equipment. Fluidized bed boilers, stean generator control, draught, performance of boilers.
10
L T
P C
3 1 2/2 5
1. Introduction and Power Cycle: Engine classification; Carnot cycle; Air standard Otto, Diesel and Dual cycle; Stirling cycle; two and four stroke cycle engines; fundamental difference between SI and CI engines, deviation of actual cycles from ideal cycles.
2
2. Fuels: Introduction, important qualities and ratings of SI Engines fuels; qualities and ratings of CI Engine fuels; Dopes; Gas turbine fuels.
2
3. Spark Ignition System: Magneto and Battery ignition systems for S.I. Engines; Ignition timing.
2
4. Combustion, Carburetion, Gasoline Injection of SI Engines: Combustion in S.I. Engines, flame speed, ignition delay, abnormal combustion, combustion chambers, simple and complete carburetors, Gasoline Injection, combustion design for S.I. Engines. 6
5. Combustion and Fuel Injection of C.I Engines: Combustion of C.I. Engines, ignition delay, combustion knock; combustion chamber design for C.I. engines; fuel injection testing.
6
6. Engine cooling, Lubrication and Pollution Control: Engine cooling; friction and lubrication, pollution and its control.
5
7. Super charging in IC Engine: Effect of attitude on power output, types of supercharging.
2
8. Engine Testing and Performance of SI and CI Engines: Parameters, Type of tests and characteristic curves. 2
9. Compressor: Classification; single and multistage; effect of intercooling in reciprocating compressors; volumetric efficiency and power requirement. Centrifugal compressor: classification, energy transfer equations, elementary theory, vector diagram efficiencies; elementary analysis of axial compressors. Roots blower, performance analysis. 7
10. Gas Turbine and Jet Propulsion: Gas turbine classification; Brayton cycle; Effect of variables on gas turbine performance; gas turbine cycles with intercooling, reheat and regeneration; deviation from actual cycle from ideal cycle. Introduction to the principles of jet propulsion, Turbojet , turbofan and Turboprop engines and their processes, Introduction to rocket engines. 6
REFERENCES
1. Fundamental of Internal combustion Engine by Gill, Smith, Ziurys
2. I.C.Engine by Rogowsky
3. I.C.Engine Analysis and Practice by E.F.Obert
4. Gas Turbine Theory by Cohen and Rogers
5. I.C.Engine by V.Ganeshan
6. I.C. Engines and Air Polution by R. Yadav, II Edition. 2004, Central Publishing House.
7. I.C. Engines Fundamentals by J. B. Heywood, McGraw Hill.
8. Steam , Gas Turbines in Power plant Engineering, VII Ed. 2004, Central Publishing House Allahabad.
AM-601 HYDRAULIC
MACHINES, 3-1-2-5
Introduction: Fluid Machine, classification, Industries. (1)
Impact of Jet: Momentum Equation, Force
on stationary normal flat plate due to fluid jet, Force due to impact of jet on
stationary inclined plate, Division of discharge, Force due to impact on single
moving flat plate hemispherical Cup, unsymmetrical plate, Impact of jet on
series of flat plates mounted on a drum (Simplest impulse turbine), Impact of
jet on series of hemispherical and unsymmetrical moving vanes. (5)
Hydraulic Turbine: Hydro-electric power plant, components, surge tank forebay, Classification of turbines on various criteria, Pelton turbine, work and efficiency, Francis and Kaplan turbine components, Euler’s turbine equation, work done and efficiency, Draft tube theory, function and efficiency, Cavitation in turbine, turbine setting, Model testing, Derivation of dimensionless numbers, Specific and unit quantities, specific speed, Testing of turbine, characteristic curves, selection criteria, Governing of turbine. (12)
Centrifugal Pump: Working Principle, Classification of centrifugal pump, Volute pump, vortex, Turbine pump, Heads, work done by impeller, efficiencies , Pressure rise in impeller, pressure recovery, Head-discharge curve, effect of various losses, Comparison of forward, radial and backward curved blades, surging, Priming of Pump, Cavitation and separation in pump Model analysis, specific speed, characteristic curves, slurry pump, deep well pump. (9)
Reciprocating Pump: Working principle, single and double acting pump, piston and plunger pumps, multicylinder pumps, Duplex and Triplex pumps. Indicator diagram, effect of acceleration and friction, work done, efficiency, slip, function of air vessel, work saved by fitting air vessel, separation in reciprocating pump, comparison with centrifugal pump. (6)
Hydraulic Systems: Jet pump, airlift pump, hydraulic ram, Fluid coupling, working principle, torque converter, working principle, Hydraulic accumulator, pressure intensifier, hydraulic press, crane, jack (5)
Engineering Process and
systems Approach:
Application of Systems concepts in Engineering, Identification of Engineering functions, Systems approach, Engineering Activity Matrix, Defining the proposed effort, Role of Engineer, Engineering Problem Solving, Concurrent Engineering. A case study.
6
Problem
Formulation:
Nature of Engineering Problems, Needs Statement, Hierarchical Nature of Systems, Hierarchical nature of problem environment, Problem scope and constraints. Case study.
3
System
Theories
System analysis view points, black box approach, state theory approach, component integration approach, Decision Process Approach, Case study. 3
System
Modelling
Need for modelling, Modelling types and purposes, Linear graph modelling concepts, Mathematical Modelling Concepts. Case Study. 4
Linear
Graph Analysis:
Graph Modelling and Analysis Process, Path problem, Network flow problem. Case Study. 4
Optimisation
Concepts
Optimisation process, Motivation and freedom of Choice, goals and objectives- Criteria, methods of optimisation-analytical, combinatorial, subjective. Case Study. 3
System
Evaluation
Feasibility Assesement, planning horizon, time value of money, financial analysis. A case study 3
Calculus
Methods for Optimization:
Model with one or more decision variables, model equality and/ or inequality constraint, Case study. 4
Decision
Analysis
Elements of a decision problem, Decision model probability, Expected monetary value, Utility value, Baye’s theorem. Case Study. 4
System
Simulation
Simulation Concepts, simulation models, Iconic, Analog, Analytical, Waiting line simulation, Simulation Process Problem definition, input model construction, solution process, limitations of simulation approach: A case study. 4
Axiomatic Approach of Suh: Problem definition and FRs, Hierarchy of FRs and DPs: decomposition of Design process, Design for manufacture, 4
Text Books:
1. Design and Planning of Engineering Systems-D.D. Reredith, K.K Wong, R.W. Woodhead, and, R.R.Worthman, Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Clifts, New Jersey.
2.
Design Engineering- J. R. Dixon, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co.,
3. An Introduction to Engineering Design Method- V. Gupta and PN. Murthy, Tata McGraw Hill.
4.
Principles of Design:
5.
Optimization
Techniques- S. S. Rao.
6. System analysis and Project Management- Devid I. Cleland, Willium R. King, McGraw Hill.